Overview
The entry labeled "MGF" in certain chemical databases actually refers to trifluoromagnesate, an inorganic fluoride-magnesium ion with the molecular formula MgF₃⁻, rather than a peptide compound. It is not a biological peptide, a growth hormone secretagogue, or any other class of peptide, but rather a small inorganic anion studied in biochemical research contexts, sometimes in relation to how it mimics phosphate groups in enzyme studies. The associated research literature provided does not appear directly connected to this compound, suggesting this entry may reflect a database ambiguity or mislabeling. As with all reference compounds listed on this site, trifluoromagnesate is noted here strictly for research and informational purposes and is not intended for human use or consumption.
Research & Bioactivity
The provided research abstracts do not contain relevant published data about the peptide MGF (Mechano Growth Factor), a splice variant of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), as the search results appear to have returned unrelated literature. Based on the established scientific literature, researchers have studied MGF primarily in the context of muscle physiology, tissue repair, and cellular proliferation, with much of the foundational work conducted in animal models and in vitro cell culture systems. Studies have examined MGF's role in satellite cell activation following mechanical stimulation or muscle damage, investigating how this signaling pathway may influence myoblast proliferation. Research has also investigated MGF expression in cardiac and neuronal tissue, exploring its presence and potential signaling behavior in non-skeletal muscle contexts using rodent models. In vitro studies have looked at how MGF peptide fragments interact with cell surface receptors and influence downstream signaling cascades associated with cell survival and growth pathways. This body of research remains in the preclinical stage, and MGF is studied strictly as a research tool to better understand growth factor signaling in biological systems.
Published Research
Comprehensive molecular profiling of the African swine fever virus in Korean wild boars between 2019 and 2024.
Kim G, Ji S, Choi S, Lim S, Choi H, et al. — 2026
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a lethal transboundary disease. Since its first detection in South Korea in 2019, ASFV has continuously infected wild boars, imposing major economic and ecological burdens. We investigated ASFV genetic diversity and transmission dynamics by analyzing 4,209 ASFV-positive wild boar samples collected between 2019 and 2024 using a multi-marker approach, including B646L (p72), the intergenic region (IGR) between I73R/I329L, MGF 360-1La, and MGF 505-9R/10R. All isolates were classified as Genotype II by p72 analysis. IGR II was predominant, while one case of IGR I and three of IGR III were detected in 2019-2020. IGR III reappeared in 2023 and increased in 2024. The Korean-specific MGF 360-1La mutation (L106P) emerged in 2020, peaked in 2021, and persisted thereafter at a low frequency. A shift in the MGF 505-9R/10R profile was observed: MGF-1 dominated until 2020, whereas MGF-5 emerged in 2021 and became predominant in 2024. Accordingly, ASFV strains were classified into six clusters with distinct spatial distributions and transmission trajectories. Cluster 1 represented the initial incursion and early spread, and two minor subclusters (1.1 and 1.2) were detected early on; Cluster 2 remained localized, Cluster 3 expanded southeastward and is emerging as dominant, and Cluster 4 was confined to eastern Gyeongsangbuk-do. These findings suggest that although ASFV in Korea originated from a single Genotype II introduction, the detection of multiple lineages reflects viral diversification or additional incursions. Continuous molecular surveillance using genetic markers, complemented by whole-genome analyses, is essential for detecting early variants and developing effective ASF control strategies.
Association of Air Pollution With Brain Health: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Adults Living in Canada.
Azab SM, Anand SS, Doiron D, Schulze KM, Brook JR, et al. — 2026
BACKGROUND: Air pollution is a risk factor for dementia, but its role in early cognitive dysfunction is not clear. We aimed to investigate the association of air pollution with cognitive function, and the role of cardiovascular risk factors and greenspace in this association. METHODS: The CAHHM (Canadian Alliance for Healthy Hearts and Minds Cohort Study) is a cohort of Canadian adults recruited between 2014 and 2018, for whom averages of exposures to NO and fine particulate matter were estimated for 5 years before recruitment. Outcomes included the Montréal Cognitive Assessment and Digit Symbol Substitution Test for cognitive function, and magnetic resonance imaging-measured covert vascular brain injury. Generalized linear mixed models assessed pollutant associations with outcomes in this cross-sectional analysis. RESULTS: A total of 6878 adults participated in the study, with a mean age of 57.6 years (SD=8.8), and 55.6% were women. Mean (SD; range) 5-year pollutant concentrations preceding enrollment for fine particulate matter were 6.9 μg/m (2.0 [1.8-11.2]), and for NO were 12.9 parts per billion (5.9 [0.9-33.9]). In adjusted models, a 5 μg/m higher fine particulate matter concentration was associated with 0.44 points lower Montréal Cognitive Assessment (95% CI, -0.62 to -0.25) and 1.31 points lower Digit Symbol Substitution Test (95% CI, -2.41 to -0.22) scores. A 5 parts per billion higher NO concentration was associated with 0.12 points lower Montréal Cognitive Assessment (95% CI, -0.17 to -0.07) and 0.38 points lower Digit Symbol Substitution Test (95% CI, -0.70 to -0.05) scores. A 5 parts per billion higher NO concentration was associated with higher odds of covert vascular brain injury (adjusted odds ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.00-1.17]). Cardiovascular risk factors and greenspace did not change these associations. CONCLUSIONS: Fine particulate matter and NO were associated with lower cognitive function scores in middle-aged adults living in Canada, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. Our results warrant longitudinal follow-up to study the impact of air pollution on cognitive decline.
Development of a scientific version TPS workflow for BNCT dosimetry based on DICOM and Monte Carlo engine.
Zhu Y, Lin Z, Wu G, Lin Z, Zhang Z, et al. — 2026
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a binary targeted radiotherapy modality that requires accurate dose calculation and treatment plan optimization. In this work, we proposed a scientific version Treatment Planning System (TPS) for BNCT. The proposed TPS is a workflow for research purposes, aiming at dosimetric analysis and plan formulation and not certified for clinical use. The workflow integrates DICOM based voxel phantom reconstruction, automated generation of Monte Carlo program input files, and post-processing of BNCT dose components to enable comparative evaluation of candidate epithermal neutron spectra. Boron pharmacokinetics were incorporated using published concentration to time curves following intravenous bolus administration of Borono-Phenyl-Alanine (BPA). Compound Biological Effectiveness (CBE) factors of BPA were further applied to compute biologically equivalent doses for the tumor, normal brain tissue, and scalp. Two representative intracranial targets were selected to investigate dosimetric differences among four therapeutic beam spectra shaped by different moderator materials and thicknesses. The results indicate that the harder spectrum produced by 45 cm FLUENTAL moderation improves treatment efficiency for deep-seated tumors, whereas the softer spectrum produced by 45 cm MgF moderation provides improved dose selectivity for shallow tumors. Overall, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scientific version TPS workflow as a research tool for BNCT dosimetry studies.
Pathways of fluoride removal and MgF recovery from fluoride-containing wastewater using different magnesium sources.
Zhang C, Pan X, Li L, Dai D, Peng S, et al. — 2026
Removing fluoride from fluoride-containing wastewater while recovering fluorine resources is important for both environmental protection and resource utilization. Here, three magnesium sources (MgO, MgCl, and MgSO) were compared for fluoride removal and magnesium fluoride (MgF) recovery, and the roles of different Mg supply pathways in MgF recovery were clarified. At pH 1.6-2.4, the hydration products of MgO drive MgF precipitation via acid-promoted dissolution and interfacial F enrichment, whereas the two soluble magnesium salts provide a stable supply of dissolved Mg at pH 5-8, thus favoring MgF nucleation and crystal growth. All three magnesium sources yielded rutile-type MgF with purities of 88.3 %-90.5 %, as determined by chemical composition analysis, and all recovered products met the MF-2 grade requirement. Appropriate magnesium source selection, through distinct Mg supply pathways, broadened the operable pH range for fluoride removal and MgF recovery. Additionally, the anions introduced by the magnesium sources exerted stage-specific effects on MgF crystallization, with Cl promoting nucleation and SO facilitating early crystal growth and particle aggregation. These findings provide mechanistic insight into MgF recovery from complex fluoride-containing wastewater matrices and practical guidance for magnesium source selection.
Salivary Fluoride Concentrations and Fluoride Intake After Toothbrushing With and Without Rinsing Using Sodium Fluoride Toothpaste: A Crossover Trial in 6-Year-Old Children.
Sitthisettapong T, Thaisiam N, Phooamornrat T, Soontornruengyot P, Wongmuneeworn J — 2026
BACKGROUND: Brushing with fluoride-containing toothpaste without rinsing significantly increases salivary fluoride concentration. AIM: To compare the effects of rinsing versus non-rinsing after toothbrushing with 1500 ppm fluoride (ppmF) toothpaste on salivary fluoride concentration up to 90 min and fluoride intake in 6-year-old children. DESIGN: A crossover clinical trial was conducted in 18 healthy 6-year-old children. Children brushed their teeth with 1500 ppmF toothpaste (0.6 g) with rinsing (WR) or without rinsing (WOR) in a three-day washout period. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline and at 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after toothbrushing. Salivary fluoride concentration was measured using an ion-specific electrode. Fluoride intake was also determined. RESULTS: The geometric mean salivary fluoride concentration was significantly higher in WOR than in WR over time (p = 0.023). Pairwise comparisons at specific time points showed a significant difference at 1-min post-brushing (p < 0.001). Fluoride intake was significantly greater in WOR than in WR (0.216 ± 0.046 vs. 0.176 ± 0.056 mgF; p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Toothbrushing with 1500 ppmF toothpaste without rinsing produced higher fluoride intake and total fluoride exposure (AUC) due to a large initial peak; however, salivary fluoride concentrations were comparable between rinsing methods from 5 min onward and remained caries-preventive for up to 90 min.